Contents 1 Introduction 2 NRC Nutrient Requirements: General Information 3 Chromium 4 Cobalt 5 Copper 6 Manganese 7 Selenium 8 Zinc 9 Conclusions 10 Author Information 11 References

Introduction

A host of nutrients are needed by cattle to support functions associated with life and to grow, reproduce, and nourish their offspring (i.e., produce milk). A vast amount of resources have been expended to quantify the amounts of …

Contents 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Maximum Tolerable Levels 4 MTL for Specific Minerals 4.1 Minerals with Medium Health Concerns 4.2 Minerals with Substantial Health Concerns 5 Conclusions 6 Author Information 7 References

Abstract

Everything, including required nutrients, is toxic when consumed in great enough quantities. Signs of toxicity range from the mild (slightly reduced milk yields) to the most extreme (death). The maximum tolerable level (MTL) …

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Live Animal Sampling 3 Postmortem Animal Sampling 4 Calcium 5 Cobalt 6 Copper 7 Iron 8 Magnesium 9 Manganese 10 Phosphorous 11 Potassium 12 Selenium 13 Sodium 14 Zinc 15 Summary 16 Author Information 17 References

Introduction

Many minerals have been proven in research studies to be essential for optimal growth, physiologic function, and productivity in ruminants. Historically, testing for these minerals has …

Contents 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Why the Increased Interest in Water-Soluble Vitamins? 4 B Vitamin Supply 4.1 Dietary Concentrations 4.2 Ruminal Metabolism 4.3 Intestinal Absorption 5 Clinical and Production Responses to B Vitamins 5.1 Niacin 5.2 Biotin 5.3 Folic Acid and Vitamin B-12 5.4 Other B Vitamins 5.5 Choline 6 Vitamin C 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 8 References 9 Tables/Figures 10 Author Information

Abstract

Research on …

Contents 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Selenium Yeast ― What Is It? 4 Selenium Absorption 5 Selenium Metabolism 6 Se-Yeast vs. Selenite: The Data 7 Factors to Consider When Choosing a Se Source 7.1 Antagonists to Se Absorption 7.2 Body Retention of Se 7.3 Costs of Supplement 8 Recommendations and Conclusions 9 References 10 Tables/Figures 11 Author Information

Abstract

Inorganic (selenite and selenate) and selenium yeast (Se-yeast) …