Contents 1 Summary 2 Introduction 3 Water Intake 4 Water Quality Criteria 4.1 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Soluble Salts (TSS), or Salinity 4.2 Hardness 4.3 Nitrates 4.4 Sulfates 4.5 pH 4.6 Iron 4.7 Manganese 4.8 Arsenic 5 Contribution of Water to Mineral Requirements 6 References 7 Author Information

Summary

• Water is the most essential of all nutrients required by dairy cattle.
• Cows consume water to meet

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Contents 1 Summary 2 Introduction 3 Why Is Water Important? 4 Water Quality Factors Affecting Performance 4.1 Organoleptic Properties 4.2 Physiochemical Properties 5 Anti-Quality Factors Potentially Causing Problems 5.1 Total Dissolved Solids 5.2 Sulfur and Sulfate 5.3 Sulfate 5.4 Iron 5.5 Manganese 5.6 Nitrate 5.7 Toxic Compounds 5.8 Microorganisms in Water 6 Factors Not Known to Cause Problems 6.1 pH 6.2 Calcium and Magnesium 6.3 Hardness 7 Other Factors Affecting Water Intake 8 Evaluation of Water Samples from Commercial Dairies

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